WHY THE WORLD NEEDS TO DECLARE ECOCIDE AN INTERNATIONAL CRIME

First, the context.

It's not working. The planet is headed for  armageddon in this century itself if we continue with our present unsustainable life styles. The Paris Accord red line of 1.5* C temperature increase has been breached, CO2 levels have gone up by 125% above pre-industrial levels and at 425 ppm are approaching the survival limit of 450 ppm, the last three years were the hottest in recorded history, parts of Pakistan and Africa are likely to see temperatures of 50* C this summer, Himalayan glaciers are expected to disappear by the end of the century, causing unimaginable water shortages for a quarter of the world's population, thousands of species are going extinct every year. The planet cannot live with this depredation for very much longer.

One of the main reasons for this impending calamity is the humongous scale of deforestation that continues unabated. Global Forest Watch has reported that 10 million hectares of forest are felled every year globally ; that is, 100,000 sq. kms or twice the area of Himachal Pradesh. Between 2001 and 2023 we have lost 408 million hectares of forests to development, farming and logging, losing also a CO2 sequestration capacity of 204 giga tonnes. And this cuts across countries, as governments look for short term economic gains and multi national corporations continue to plunder natural resources with impunity. The regular COP meetings are exercises in futility and convenient opportunities for sexual dalliances at govt/company expense. Nothing more. Just consider a few of the most recent rapacious examples of environmental blood letting. 

30% of the forests in the Amazon basin have already been lost to mining and logging. And yet, Ecquador has finalised plans to auction 3 million ha. of the Amazon forests for mining. The bombing of the Kakhovka dam in Eastern Ukraine in 2023 by Russia released 18 cubic kms of impounded water and devastated hundreds of sq. kms of the natural environment and habitats. Indonesia is in the process of implementing the largest deforestation project in the world- 30689 sq. kms of the third largest rain forest in the world is being cleared to grow sugarcane (for ethanol and food crops). this will completely shatter the biodiversity of the region. Hundreds of thousands of hectares of virgin forests have been deforested in Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea for palm oil plantations. WWF has estimated that wild life populations, including marine life, has declined by 70% in the last few decades.

India, as befits a country at the bottom of the Environmental Performance Index, is one of the worst plunderers of forests. Notwithstanding the regular fudging of reports and statistics, the govt's own admissions in Parliament indicate that 173000 hectares of forests were diverted for non-forestry activities in just the last ten years, between 2014 and 2024. According to Global Forest Watch the country has lost 2.33 million ha of forests between 2000 and 2024; the State of the Forest Report for 2022 states that between 2015 and 2021, 3136700 ha of dense forests have degraded to open or scrub categories, and 9.40 million trees have been felled for road, mining, hydel and other projects. And this onslaught on ecosystems and biodiversity goes on relentlessly with approved projects such as the Great Nicobar terminal, the Kancha Gachibowli in Hyderabad, destruction of 9000 mangroves for a Mumbai Coastal Road project, the Char Dham National Highway, a special road to Rishikesh (at a cost of 33000 trees) for Yogi's Kanwariyas, the iron ore mining project in Sanders forest of Karnataka which will result in the removal of 99000 trees, a pumped storage project in the Shahabad forests of Rajasthan's Baran district which will fell more than 100,000 mature trees over 400 acres. It is a never-ending and heart-breaking list of environmental apocalypse.

This level of environmental massacre and extinction of biodiversity is, in a way, worse than genocide because it affects not just one or two communities but the entire planet: temperatures, CO2 levels and biodiversity loss do not recognize political, ethnic or national frontiers. And these effects persist, not for just a generation or two, but for thousands of years. It is now beginning to be recognized by scientists, naturalists, climate activists and even politicians that such actions amount to a crime against humanity, and a new word has been coined to describe them- ECOCIDE.

Ecocide is another variant of homicide or genocide because it too involves killing, but on a planetary scale. It can be defined as " unlawful or wanton acts committed with the knowledge that there would be a severe and widespread and long term damage to the environment caused by these acts." It can also be defined as the destruction of large areas of the natural environment as a consequence of human activity. At least three countries- Vanuatu, Fiji and Samoa - have, in September 2024, proposed that ecocide should be recognized as a crime by the ICC (International Criminal Court). They argue that it should be added as the fifth crime in the Rome Statute, along with the other four- genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression. It is no coincidence that these three South Pacific nations would be the first to be submerged by rising sea levels as a result of climate change.

Many countries already have domestic laws against environmental destruction, but these are ineffective against  ecocide. The reason is that large scale ecocide is usually committed by the governments of countries themselves, (and not by individuals, as the examples above indicate) and therefore they have no accountability. And yet, the calamitous effects of their ecocidal decisions extend far beyond their borders. That is why an international law or covenant is needed to hold them to account or to dissuade them from such actions. The same logic applies to large multi-national corporates who are mostly immune from nation-specific laws because of their spread, size and influence.

Discussions, covenants, treaties, conferences to save the world from environmental apocalypse have not worked. The time has perhaps come to now punish those nations and leaders who continue to be irresponsible. We cannot allow political leaders and corporates, without any vision and driven by material lust, to, in the words of  Mahatma Gandhi, "strip the world bare like locusts."  As Ronald Regan famously said: If you can't make them see the light, let them feel the heat. Ecocide must be recognized as the worst crime against humanity, far graver than the four existing ones, because it puts at stake the very survival of the planet and of homo sapiens. The time to declare it a crime has arrived.